Briefs Tips on STILLBIRTH: compile by Henry Ameyaw
Stillbirth: Understanding, Causes, and Prevention
What Is Stillbirth?
Stillbirth is defined as the death of a baby in the womb at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the classification used. It refers to a baby born without signs of life. Stillbirth is distinct from miscarriage, which occurs before 24 completed weeks of pregnancy.
A stillbirth can be a devastating experience and often leads to deep feelings of grief, sadness, or guilt, especially for the mother.
> Important: If you’re pregnant and notice reduced baby movements, contact your doctor or midwife immediately. Do not wait until the next day, as this could indicate something is wrong.
When a Baby Dies in the Womb :
When a baby dies in the uterus (womb), it can cause intense emotional distress. Parents may experience anxiety, depression, or even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Speaking with healthcare professionals or support groups can provide comfort and guidance.
Causes of Stillbirth:
Stillbirth can happen for various reasons, although sometimes no clear cause is found.
Known causes include:
1. Placental Complications
The placenta is vital for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the baby. Complications such as placental abruption (where it detaches from the womb prematurely) or insufficiency can lead to stillbirth.
2. Umbilical Cord Problems
Issues like cord prolapse or knots can disrupt blood and oxygen flow to the baby.
3. Pre-eclampsia
This is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ dysfunction during pregnancy.
4. Infections
Infections can spread from the mother to the baby, especially if bacterial pathogens travel from the vagina to the womb.
Common infectious causes include:
Group B Streptococcus
E. coli
Listeria (through contaminated food)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes Simplex Virus
Rubella (German Measles)
Parvovirus B19
Toxoplasmosis (from soil or cat feces)
Malaria
Leptospirosis, Lyme Disease, Q Fever
5. Maternal Health Conditions
These include:
Pre-existing diabetes
Obesity (BMI over 30)
Liver disorders like intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)
6. Genetic or Structural Abnormalities
Some babies may have chromosomal or physical anomalies that contribute to stillbirth.
Risk Factors
Certain conditions increase the risk of stillbirth:
Twin or multiple pregnancies
Baby not growing as expected (Intrauterine Growth Restriction – IUGR)
Mother under 20 or over 35 years of age
Smoking, alcohol use, or drug abuse
Maternal obesity
Poorly managed chronic health conditions
Monitoring Baby’s Growth and Movements
Growth Checks
Your midwife will assess your baby’s growth at antenatal visits. A baby’s consistent growth is crucial. Slowed or stopped growth may signal placental problems, increasing the risk of stillbirth.
Baby Movements
Be aware of your baby’s normal movement patterns. If movements slow down or stop, contact your midwife immediately.
What Happens After a Stillbirth
Each family’s response is personal. A specialist midwife can support you through the experience, offering options such as holding your baby, taking photos, and discussing tests that may determine the cause. You will also be guided through the process of registering the birth.
Preventing Stillbirth
Not all stillbirths are preventable, but certain actions may reduce the risk:
Avoid smoking, alcohol, and drug use
Sleep on your side after 28 weeks (not on your back)
Attend all antenatal appointments
Monitor your baby’s movements
Take folic acid before and during early pregnancy
Stay up-to-date with vaccinations
Limit caffeine intake
If you or someone you know is affected by stillbirth, support is available. Don’t hesitate to reach out to healthcare providers, support groups, or mental health professionals.
